Performance Evaluation of a Microcontroller-Based 350 W BLDC Motor Control System

Duwi Hariyanto; Muhammad Dianra Amani Ihsan; Basril  Amien Mana; Dahril  Khudni; Rudi  Uswarman; Dean  Corio; Nia  Saputri Utami; Indarta  Kuncoro Aji

doi:10.23960/jemit.408

Authors

Duwi Hariyanto Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Muhammad Dianra Amani Ihsan Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Basril Amien Mana Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Dahril Khudni Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Rudi Uswarman Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Dean Corio Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Nia Saputri Utami Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Indarta Kuncoro Aji PT Nagara Sains Teknologi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/jemit.408

Keywords:

BLDC; control system; electric vehicle; inverter; microcontroller.

Abstract

Electric vehicles are increasingly adopted as a strategic solution for reducing carbon emissions, yet their overall performance is strongly influenced by reliability, responsiveness, and energy efficiency. This study presents a performance evaluation of a microcontroller-based speed-control system for a 350 W brushless DC (BLDC) motor, developed using low-cost components with potential for local manufacturing. The proposed system incorporates a throttle input, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for speed regulation, three Hall-effect sensors for rotor position feedback, and an Arduino Nano controller integrated with an IR2110 driver and a three-phase HY4008 MOSFET inverter. A series of subsystem level tests, covering the power supply, control units, signal amplification, sensing, and motor operation, were conducted under no-load and loaded conditions using a 250 W generator as the mechanical load. The results indicate that the power supply remained stable within 50.5 50.7 V, and the IR2110 effectively amplified the 5.119 V PWM signal to 10.41 11.47 V. Hall sensor frequency increased from 129 Hz at 30% throttle to 179 Hz at 100% throttle, reflecting improved commutation synchronization with rising rotor speed. The motor achieved a speed increase of 90.8% from 220.7 rpm to 421.2 rpm under no-load, whereas under load it increased from 137.8 rpm to 356.4 rpm (an increase of 158.6%). These findings confirm that increasing the PWM duty cycle enhances electromagnetic torque and maintains rotor-stator synchronization across varying load conditions. The study demonstrates that a low-side PWM strategy with six-step commutation can be effectively implemented using low-cost hardware, supporting domestic innovation in electric vehicle technology and contributing to sustainable, low-emission transportation development.

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