Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (CHAp)/PCL/Gelatin Scaffold Synthesized from Wrinkled Purple Snail Shell Waste for Bone Regeneration

Fadilah Salsabilla; Rosita Wati; Aldi Herbanu; Marsudi Siburian; Endah

doi:10.23960/jemit.367

Authors

Fadilah Salsabilla Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan
Rosita Wati Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan
Aldi Herbanu Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan
Marsudi Siburian Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan
Endah Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/jemit.367

Keywords:

wrinkled purple snail, freeze-drying, carbonate hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone, scaffold

Abstract

Traffic accidents are a major cause of bone fractures in Indonesia, highlighting the urgent need for effective biomaterials in bone regeneration. This study synthesized carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) from wrinkled purple sea snail shells (Nucella lamellosa) using a precipitation method and sintering at 600 C, followed by the fabrication of CHAp/PCL/Gelatin scaffolds through freeze-drying. XRD confirmed B-type CHAp with a crystallite size of 9.86 nm, crystallinity of 62.07%, and a Ca/P ratio of 1.76. The incorporation of PCL and gelatin decreased scaffold crystallinity to 37.29% and increased the Ca/P ratio to 3.19. FTIR spectra verified the presence of CO3(2-), PO4(3-), and OH(-) groups, as well as characteristic peaks of PCL and gelatin. SEM analysis revealed a porous interconnected structure with an average pore size of 28.94 um. The scaffold exhibited a compressive strength of 2.693 MPa, within the range of trabecular bone, and showed a 3% mass loss after 24 h, indicating suitable initial biodegradation. These findings demonstrate the potential of snail shell-derived CHAp/PCL/Gelatin scaffolds as biodegradable biomaterials for bone regeneration.

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